@))# df
cg];f;åf/f k'/:s[t ;flxTosf/x?
/
s[ltx?sf] ;+lIfKt kl/ro
eLd /]UdL¨
!= ljifo k|j]z
ut h'nfO{ !@ sf lbg
cd]l/sfsf] /fhwfgL jflzË6g l8=;L=df o; jif{sf] efg' hoGtL ;df/f]x P]ltxfl;s
?kdf dgfOof] . of] ;df/f]x P]ltxfl;s o;sf/0f eof] ls cGt/f{li6«o g]kfnL ;flxTo
;dfhn] !@ jif{sf] cys kl/>d kl5 g]kfnL ;flxTosf/x?nfO{ k'/:sf/ k|bfg ug]{
cfkm\gf] cfsf+IffnfO{ oxL ;df/f]xdf k'/f ug{ ;Sof] . of] cj:yfdf cfPkl5
k|f/Defj:yf b]lv g} ;dfhdf ;lqmo /x]/ cfPsf xfdL ;a}nfO{ cToGt v'zL nfUg'
:jefljs 5 . o; v'zLsf] 38Ldf d of] k'/:sf/ k|bfg ug]{ ;dfhsf] ;kgfnfO{ ;fsf/
agfpg ;xof]u ug]{ ;flxTo k|]dL ldqx?nfO{ wGojfb lbg rfxfG5' . k'/:sf/ sf]if
hDdf ug{df w]/} ldqx?sf] of]ubfg 5 . ;j{k|yd t ;dfhsf] 6«i6L ag]/ /
k'/:sf/x?sf] k|fof]hg u/]/ s]xL ;flxTok|]dL ldqx?n] cfly{s of]ubfg k'¥ofpg'
ePsf] 5 . jxf+x?nfO{ of] ;kmntfsf] >]o t hfG5 g} t/ sf]if lgdf{0fdf
JolQmut?kdf cg'bfg lbP/ jf sf]if ;+sngsf nflu ljleGg ;f+:s[lts sfo{qmd
jxf“x?sf] cfof]hgfdf ;lqmo ;xefuL x'g' ePsf ldqx? k|lt Xbo b]lv g} cfef/ JoQm
ug{ rfxG5' .
oxf“x?nfO{ ljlbt} 5 ;dfhn] o;jif{sf] ÆcGt/f{li6«o
g]kfnL ;flxTo ;dfh ;af]{Ts[i6 k':ts k'/:sf/Æ slj >L /d]z vs'/]nsf] Æ;|Uw/fÆ dxfsfJonfO{ lbg] lg0f{o u/]sf] 5 . o;}u/L
o;jif{sf] Æ;af]{Ts[i6 gf/L
x:tfIf/sfnflu 8f= l8NnL/fd ltdl;gf k':ts k'/:sf/ Æ ;dfnf]rs >LdtL ;'wf
lqkf7LnfO{ pxf+sf] Æe"lksf sljtfdf Jo+Uo r]tgfÆ gfds k':tssfnflu /
o; jif{sf] Æ ;af]{Ts[i6 gj k|ltefsfnflu
8f= l8NnL/fd ltdl;gf k'/:sf/ n]vs >L
s[i0f/fh vgfnnfO{ pxf+sf] Æk|f]= xl/gfy vgfnM hLjgL / kl/j]zÆ gfds
k':tssfnflu lbg] lg0f{o u/]sf] 5 . :d/0fLo 5 oL k'/:sf/sf] /sd qmdzM
g]=?=%),))) , g]?=@),))) / g=]?=!%,)))
/x]sf] 5 . o;} u/L g]=?= !%,))) /fzLsf] Æ;af]{Ts[i6 g]kfnL uLlt sljtfsfnflu
:juL{o slj xl/eQm s6'jfn :d[lt k':ts k'/:sf/Æ >L lji0f'axfb'/ l;+xnfO{
jxf+sf] Æ;nanfp+5g\ cf]7x?Æ gfds uhn ;ª\u|xsfnflu lbg] lg0f{o ePsf] 5 . d oxf“ k'/:s[t ;flxTosf/x? /
jxf“x?sf k'/:s[t s[ltx?sf] 5f]6f] kl/ro
/fVg uO/x]sf] 5' .
@= k'/:s[t ;flxTosf/x?sf] ;+lIfKt kl/ro
>L /d]z vs'/]n
o;
jif{sf] Æ cGt/f{li6"o g]kfnL ;flxTo ;jf]{Ts[i6 k':ts k'/:sf/ Æ af6 k'/:s[t
slj >L /d]z vs'/]nsf] hGd lj= ;+=!((&
c;f/ @^ ;fndf u0f axfn
sf7df8f}+df ePsf] xf] . k|f/Dedf
u'?s'nLo k4ltdf ;+:s[t efiff, ;flxTo / bz{gsf] cWoog kZrft jxf+n] :gfts ;Ddsf]
cWoog ug'{ ePsf] xf] . >L vs'/]n ;dsfnLg g]kfnL ;flxTodf 5Gbf]a4 z}nLdf
sljtf n]Vg] s]xL k|d'v x:tLx? dWo] Ps x'g'x'G5 . jxf“nfO{ lj= ;+= @)%@ ;fndf
af;' zzL :d[lt k|lti7fgn] cfw'lgs cfz' sljsf] kbjL k|bfg u/]sf] lyof] . jxf+sf]
snd sfJo n]vg d} /dfPsf] b]lvG5 .
jxf+sf k|sflzt s[ltx? x'g\ M !_ c“ufnf]
-sljtf ;ª\u|x_, @_ ;+lIfKt ef}ltsL -5Gbdf ef}lts zf:q_, #_ 3/
ef8fdf vfnL 5 -sljtf ;ª\u|x_, $_ ;l/tf gfgL -dxfsfJo_, %_ alxgLnfO{
;Gb]z -v08sfJo_, ^_ labfO{ - v08sfJo / sljtf ;ª\u|x _, &_ ;fjwfg
π hxfh 8'Ab}5 -nfdf] uB sljtf_ *_
uGbe{/fu -sljtf ;ª\u|x_ (_ ;|Uw/f -dxfsfJo_ .
slj vs'/]n g]kfnL ;flxTosf] ;]jfdf n]vg dfq xf]Og
k|sfzg / cg';Gwfg sfo{df klg Jo:t x'g'x'G5 . xfn g]kfn aflx/ g]kfnL ;flxTosf]
ljsf; ;DaGwL ljifosf] cWoogdf jxf“sf] ?lr /x]sf] 5 . ljleGg sl7gfOn] k|sfzgsf]
;f}efUo k|fKt ug{ g;s]sf g]kfnL ;flxTo /rgfx?sf] k|sfzg u/L ;|i6f Pj+ kf7s
aLrsf] ;]t'nfO{ cem alnof] agfpg cf+vf k|sfzg gfds ;+:yfsf] :yfkgf u/L To;sf]
;~rfngdf jxf+ ;lqmo x'g'x'G5 . c= g]= ;f= ;= af6 k|fKt k'/:sf/ /fzL g]=?=%))))
df Tolt g} /sd ylk cf+vf k|sfzgnfO{ cg'bfg lbg] jxf+sf] 3f]if0ffn] jxf+sf]
g]kfnL ;flxTo ;]jf k|ltsf] ;dk{0f / dxfgtfnfO{ phfu/ ub{5 . jxf“af6 g]kfnL
;flxTon] lg/Gt/ ;]jf kfO/xg] s'/fdf ;Gb]x 5}g .
>LdtL ;'wf lqkf7L
o;
jif{sf] Æ;jf]{Ts[i6 gf/L x:tfIf/sfnflu :juL{o >L l8NnL/fd ltdl;gf k':ts
k'/:sf/Æ k|fKt ug'{x'g] ;flxTosf/ Pj+ ;dfnf]rs ;'wf lqkf7Lsf] hGd lj=;+= @)!%
h]i7 @* ut] bf]nvfdf ePsf] xf] . Pd= P= g]kfnLsf] cWoog kZrft\ jxf“ lqe'jg ljZjljBfnodf
ljut !& jif{ b]lv g]kfnL ljifo k|fWofkgdf ;+nUg x'g'x'G5 . jxf“n] g]kfnL
;flxTodf sljtf ljwfaf6 cfkm\gf] ofqf/De ug'{ ePsf] xf] . lj= ;+ @)#$ ;fndf
jxf“sf] klxnf] sljtf k|sfzg ePsf] lyof] .
lqkf7Ln] cfkm\gf] ;flxTo ofqfsf] qmddf sljtf nufot
lgaGw, ;dfnf]rgf, syf / gf6s ljwfx?df snd rnfpg' ePsf] kfOG5 . jxf“sf xfn;Dd
k|sflzt s[ltx? x'g\M
!= afbn wlt{ / cf:yfx? -lgaGw ;ª\u|x, lj=;+= @)%)_ @=
bf]nvf — bk{0f -bf]nvf lhNnfsf] Oltj[lQ, lj= ;+= @)%!_ #= hLjg;"q /
:jKgfef; - lgaGw ;ª\u|x, lj= ;+= @)%#_ $= clgjfo{ g]kfnL Jofs/0f / /rgf
-kf7\o k':ts, @)%#_ %= lgM Zjf;sf u'hN6fx? - PsfÍL ;ª\u|x, lj= ;+= @)%$_
^= b[li6 rf}tf/L -;dfnf]rgf ;ª\u|x, lj=;+= @)%*_ &=
e"lksf sljtfdf Joª\UofnÍf/ r]tgf -cg';GwgfTds ;dfnf]rgf lj=;+= @)%*_ *=
;"6 6fO{ / ;'“u'/ -Joª\Uo—lgaGw—;ª\u|x lj=;+= @)%(_ .
g]kfnL ;flxTodf dlxnf ;flxTosf/ Pj+ ;dfnf]rsx?sf]
of]ubfgnfO{ ljz]if k|sfz kfg{ jxf+ cfjZos 7fGg'x'G5 . xfn o; tkm{ lqkf7L
lqmofzLn x'g'x'G5 . g]kfnL ;flxTosf k|d'v ljwf jfx]s ;d;fdlos ljifox? / ljz]if
u/L dlxnfx?sf] ;fdflhs l:yltsf] ljifodf n]v /rgf k|sflzt ug{df klg jxf“sf] ?lr
5 .
o;
jif{sf] Æ;jf]{Ts[i6 gj k|ltefsfnflu
:juL{o >L l8NnL/fd ltdl;gf k':ts k'/:sf/ Æ n]vs >L s[i0f/fh vgfnsf] hGd
@)%$ a}zfv !% ut] u'0ffbL tgx“"df ePsf] xf] . Pd= P= g]kfnLsf] cWoog
kZrft\ jxf“ uf]/vf kqdf ;Dkfbgsf] k]zfdf ;+nUg x'g'x'G5 . k'/:s[t Æk|f]= xl/gfy vgfnM hLjgL / kl/j]zÆ gfds
k':ts
jxf+sf] xfn;Ddsf] Pp6} dfq k|sflzt s[lt
xf] . o; jfx]s
jxf+n] ljleGg ;d;fdlos ljifox?df n]v
/rgf k|sfzg ug'{ ePsf] 5 eg] ljleGg kqklqsfdf jxf“n] :tDe n]Vg] ug'{ x'G5 .
Æg]kfnL uLtL sljtfsfnflu :juL{o
>L xl/eQm s6'jfn k':ts k'/:sf/ Æ k|fKt ug]{ uhnsf/ >L lji0f'axfb'/
l+;+xsf] hGd @% cui6 !(%@ df sNn]/L c3f{vf“rLdf ePsf] xf] . k]zfn] l;len OlGhlgo/ >L l;+xn]
g]kfnL ;flxTosf] sljtf, uLt ÷uhn, Pj+ syf ljwfdf snd rnfpg' ePsf] 5 .
jxf“sf xfn;Ddsf k|sflzt s[ltx?
o; k|sf/ 5g\ M
!= b]zsf] df6f] -sljtf ;ª\u|x,
lj= ;+= @)%^_, @= 7f8fsf] bxdf -uLt ;ª\u|x, lj= ;+= @)%&_, #= cfkm\gf]
lj/fgf] -n3'syf ;ª\u|x, lj= ;+= @)%*_ / $=;nanfp+5g\ cf]7x?
- uLt ;ª\u|x,
lj= ;+= @)%&_ x'g\ .
#= k'/:s[t k':tsx?sf] 5f]6f] kl/ro
;|Uw/f
jif{ @))# -O{= ;+=_ sf] ÆcGt/f{li6«o g]kfnL ;flxTo ;dfh ;jf]{Ts[i6 k':ts
k'/:sf/Æ sfnflu 5flgPsf] slj /d]z vs'/]nsf] Æ;|Uw/fÆ dxfsfJosf]
ljifo j:t' g]kfnaf6 cfkm\gf] k]zfut pGgltsfnflu cd]l/sf a;fO{ ;/]sf g]kfnLx?sf]
kfl/jfl/s cf/f]x cj/f]xx?sf] k|:t'lt xf] . o; dxfsfJodf g]kfndf g} a;f]af; ug]{
kl/jf/sf] klxnf] k':tf cd]l/sf a;fO{ ;/]/ cfPsf] bf];|f] k':tf / cd]l/sfd}
hGd]sf] t];|f] k':tf aLr l;lh{t ef}uf]lns Pj+ ;f+:s[lts b"/L / To:tf]
b"/Lsf jfjh"b vf;u/L klxnf] / t];|f] k':tfaLr jxg] c;Ld ddtfsf]
e]nnfO{ cToGt snfTds Pj+ dfld{s 9+un] k|:t't ul/Psf] 5 . ;Gtlt k|]d, /fi6« k|]d, / hflt k|]dn] sfJo
cf]tk|f]t 5 eg] ljZj jGw'Tjsf] sfdgf klg sfJodf /x]sf] 5 . k|:t't dxfsfJo k9\bf
cd]l/sfdf a;fO{ ;/]sf g]kfnLx?n] cfkm\g} Joyfsf] k|:t'lt ePsf] cg'ej ug{ ;Sb5g\
.
ofqf
;+:d/0ffTds cleJolQmo'Qm k|:t't dxfsfJo cToGt ;/n, ;/; / u]ofTds 5 . ;uf{Gtdf
Ps Znf]s km/s 5Gbdf /fvL k'/f sfJo cg'i6'k 5Gbdf t}of/ ePsf] 5 . efiff cToGt
;/n 5 . 5Gbf]a4 z}nL c+ufn]/ klg eflifs lSn:6tfaf6 k/ /xg' o; dxfsfJo
k|:t'ltsf] ljz]iftf dfGg'kb{5 .
;du|df
eGg' kbf{ jf:tljs kl/j]zsf] ;/n, ;/;, efjk"0f{ Pj+ snfTds k|:t'lt ;|Uw/f dxfsfJo g]kfnL
sfJo ;flxTosf] cd"No gLlw dfGg' kb{5 . slj vs'/]nsf] of] cd"No
of]ubfg cToGt :t'To 5 . jxf+sf ;fy} !%* k[i7sf] k|:t't dxfsfJo k|sfzg ug]{ efg'
k|sfzgsf] u'g g]kfnL ;flxTo k|]dLx?n] slxNo} lj;{g ;Sg] 5}gg\ .
e"lksf sljtfdf Joª\UofnÍf/ r]tgf
cGt/f{li6«o g]kfnL ;flxTo ;dfhaf6 jif{ @))# -O{=
;+=_ sf] Æ;jf]{Ts[i6 gf/L x:tfIf/sfnflu :j= l8NnL/fd ltdl;gf k':ts k'/:sf/Æ sfnflu 5gf}6 ul/Psf] ;dfnf]rs
>LdtL ;'wf lqkf7Lsf] Æe"lksf sljtfdf
Joª\UofnÍf/ r]tgfÆ gfds cg';GwgfTds ;dfnf]rgf s[lt slj e"lk z]/rgsf]
sfJosfl/tfdf n]lvPsf] l;+uf] ;dfnf]rgfTds s[lt xf] .
k|:t't u|Gydf ;dfnf]rs >LdtL lqkf7Ln] k|fo;M uB z}nLdf n]lvPsf e"lksf sljtfdf
kfOg] zf:qLo k|of]ux?sf] ljZn]if0f ug'{ ePsf] 5 . ljz]ifu/L slj e"lk
z]/rgsf] Joª\Uo z}nL / cnÍf/ k|of]unfO{ zf:qLo l;4fGtx?sf] s;Ldf /fvL
d"NofÍg / ljj]rgf ug'{ o; s[ltsf] d'Vo ljz]iftf xf] . ;dfnf]rgf h:tf] uxg
ljifo klg cToGt k|f~hn z}nL tyf ;/n Pj+ ;Dk|]io efiffsf] pkof]u u/L n]lvg' o;
u|Gysf] csf]{ ljz]iftf xf] .
g]kfnL ;dfnf]rgfsf] If]qdf k|:t't s[ltnfO{ Pp6f
clt d"Nojfg gLlwsf]?kdf lng' kb{5 . o;}n] ;dfnf]rs >LdtL lqkf7Ln] g]kfnL
;dfnf]rgf hutnfO{ 7"nf] u'g nufpg' ePsf] 5 . k|:t't u|Gysf] k|sfzg u/L
kf7s ;dIf k:sLlbg] cleef/f axg ug]{ k|sfzsnfO{ g]kfnL ;flxTofg'/fuL ;a}n]
;fw'jfb lbg' kb{5 .
k|f]= xl/gfy vgfnM hLjgL / kl/j]z
Æ;jf]{Ts[i6 gj k|ltefsf nflu
:juL{o >L l8NnL/fd ltdl;gf k':ts k'/:sf/ Æsfnflu 5flgPsf] n]vs s[i0f/fh
vgfnsf] Æk|f]= xl/gfy vgfnM hLjgL / kl/j]zÆ gfds k':tssf] ljifo j:t'
g]kfndf lzIffsf] ljsf;df cd"No of]ubfg k'¥ofP/ klg cf]em]ndf k/]sf
lzIff;]jL k|f]km];/ xl/gfy vgfnsf] hLjgL xf] . k':ts k|f]km];/ xl/gfy vgfnsf]
of]ubfgnfO{ k|sfzdf Nofpg cToGt ;kmn 5 .
k|:t't s[ltn] k|f]km];/ xl/gfy
vgfnsf] hLjgLsf] j/k/ /x]/ ;+:s[t lzIff dfly c+u|]hL lzIff k|0ffnLaf6 ePsf]
cltqmd0f, ;+:s[t lzIffsf] pkof]lutfdf cfPsf] x|f; / tTsfnLg o'jfx?df ltgsf
cleefjsx?sf] lj/f]wsf jfjh"b c+u|]hL lzIff cfh{g ug]{ pTs6 clenfiff h:tf
tYox?nfO{ dfld{s 9+uaf6 lrq0f u/]sf] 5 . tYox?sf] k|:t'ltdf uxg cg';Gwfgsf]
cfefif 5 . g]kfndf lzIff If]qsf] ljsf;sf] Oltxf; n]vgdf pkof]uL x'g] sltko
tYox?nfO{ k|sfzdf Nofpg k':ts ;kmn 5 .
efiff ;/n 5 . n]vsn] ljifo
j:t'nfO{ ;s];Dd j:t'jfbL 9+un] k|:t't ug'{ ePsf] 5 . n]vssf] cfkm\gf] JolQmut
wf/0ff eGbf klg cWoog / cg';Gwfgsf] lgrf]8sf]?kdf tYox?sf] k|:t'lt /x]sf] of]
u|GynfO{ Ps uxg s[ltsf]?kdf lng' kb{5 . gu]Gb|gfy vgfnJbf/f k|sflzt @@&
k[i7sf] k|:t't k':ts Pp6f ;+u|x0fLo s[lt xf] .
;nanfp“5g\ cf]7x?
Æg]kfnL uLtL sljtfsfnflu :juL{o
>L xl/eQm s6'jfn :d[lt k':ts k'/:sf/Æ k|fKt ug]{ >L lji0f'axfb'/ l;+xsf] Æ;nanfp+5g\
cf]7x?Æ gfds uhn ;ª\u|xdf ;+slnt uhnx? sfNklgstf / oyfy{tf b'j}
w/ftndf p7]sf 5g\ . efiff ;/n / ;/; 5 .
k|]d hGo v'zL / j]bgf tyf ;d;dlos /fhgLlts Pj+ ;fdflhs lj;+ultnfO{ ljifoa:t' agfP/ /lrPsf rf/ kfp b]lv 5 kfp
;Ddsf 5f]6f / dL7f uhnx?sf] k|:t't ;ª\u|x k7gLo 5 . g]kfnL uhn ljwfdf of] s[lt
Pp6f u0fgf of]Uo s[ltsf]?kdf cfPsf] 5 .
k|:t't ;ª\u|x n]vgsfnflu uhnsf/ >L l;+xnfO{ / o:tf]
dxTjk"0f{ s[ltnfO{ k|sfzg u/L kf7s ;dIf NofOlbg] k|sfzs u|fdL0f dlxnf
;dfh, dlG8vf6f/nfO{ wGojfb lbg' kb{5 .
la6 d/fO{
cGTodf
cGt/f{li6«o g]kfnL ;flxTo ;dfhsf]
cfx\jfgnfO{ :jLsf/ u/L cfkm\gf s[ltx? d"NofÍgsfnflu k7fpg' x'g]
>i6fx?nfO{ wGojfb lbg rfxG5' . d"NofÍgsfnflu hDdf @& j6f s[ltx?
k|fKt ePsf lyP . o;} u/L ;dfhsf] cfu|xnfO{ :jLsf/ u/L s[lt d"NofÍgsf] af]lemnf]
ef/ axg ul/lbg' x'g] ljJbfg d"NofÍgstf{Ho"x?nfO{ klg d'/L d'/L wGojfb
lbg rfxG5' .
¨ = ;x cWoIf c=g]=;f=;=, 6«i6L af]8{ Pj+ c= g]= ;f= k'/:sf/
;ldlt